Primary treatment of wastewater refers to mechanical and biological processes that remove solids, settleable materials, and other impurities from wastewater contaminants that can’t be broken down into smaller components.
The first stage of wastewater treatment is done in a series of tanks and clarifiers. The clarification process involves the removal of 50 to 90 percent of solids and floatable materials from wastewater.
Solids removal relies on providing the right conditions for biochemical, physical, and other natural processes to remove solid matter. The basic aim of primary wastewater treatment is to stop human health hazards, protect freshwater ecosystems and preserve the quality of receiving waters.
This is achieved by screening (large solids removal), sedimentation (settling of heavy materials) or skimming (floaters or light materials), grit removal, chemical precipitation, biological treatment (sewage sludge settled on the bottom), flocculation (clumping of particles to form bigger particles) and disinfection.
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